The Andes · Peru and neighbouring regions
Khipu: The Knotted Cords That Kept Accounts and Memory in the Andes
October 20, 2026 · 18 min · Audio in Spanish, English
With cords and knots, the peoples of the Andes kept exact accounts of people, tribute, and storehouses, and kept memory too. We listen, slowly, to how a khipu worked, who read khipus in the Inka world and under colonial rule, and what remains unknown.
From a knot system with its own zero to the storehouses of Inkawasi; from the account a lord of Jauja showed Cieza to the evening in 1581 when khipukamayuq told a colonial official that night had fallen; from confessions made with cords to the community of Tupicocha, in Huarochirí, which still brings out its khipus at its yearly assembly.
Chapters
- 0:00A bundle of cords
- 1:06A word that means knot
- 1:54How to knot a number
- 3:02A cord that checks
- 4:00Colors, twists, directions
- 4:46Before the Inka
- 5:45The craft of knots
- 6:57The storehouses of Inkawasi
- 8:05Accounts upon accounts
- 9:09The knot and the word
- 10:10The account of Jauja
- 11:14Night has fallen
- 12:17Cords for confession
- 13:24From the courts to the villages
- 14:25Those who still keep them
- 15:23What we still do not know
- 16:36Cords that wait
Where this story comes from
- Salomon, The Twisting Paths of Recall (2013)
- Curatola and De la Puente (eds.), El quipu colonial (PUCP, 2013, in Spanish)
- Garcilaso de la Vega, Comentarios reales (1609), book VI
- Acosta, Historia natural y moral de las Indias (1590), book VI
- Cieza de León, El señorío de los incas (c. 1550)
- Guaman Poma, Nueva corónica y buen gobierno (1615), Royal Danish Library
- Locke, The Ancient Quipu (1912)
- Urton and Chu, The Inkawasi Khipu Archive (2015)
- Hyland, Writing with Twisted Cords (2017)
- Medrano and Urton, Khipus from the Santa Valley (2018)
- Andina, heritage declaration for the Tupicocha khipus (2020, in Spanish)
- Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, Quipu: contar anudando (in Spanish)
- Urton and Brezine, Khipu Accounting in Ancient Peru (2005)
- Urton and Chu, The Invention of Taxation in the Inka Empire (2019)
- Urton, From Middle Horizon Cord-Keeping to the Rise of Inka Khipus (2014)
- Splitstoser and Giersz, Wari-Style Khipus from El Castillo de Huarmey (2017)
- Hyland, Ware and Clark, Knot Direction in a Khipu/Alphabetic Text (2014)